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– Check if you qualify for an academic or hobbyist discount from the publisher (Laser Engineering).

Word count: approximately 1,060.

| Stage | Core Materials | Key Process | |-------|----------------|-------------| | | Transparent positive, gelatin‑based resist | The positive is placed on a copper (or zinc) plate coated with a gelatin–potassium bichromate solution; exposure hardens the gelatin proportionally to light intensity. | | 2. Etching | Ferric chloride or other etchants | The plate is developed, washing away unhardened gelatin and then subjected to a series of controlled etches that produce a cellular relief whose depth varies with tonal value. | | 3. Ink Application | Oil‑based gravure ink (often a mixture of pigment, oil, and resin) | Ink fills the etched cells; the surface is wiped to leave ink only in the depressions. | | 4. Printing | High‑quality paper (often rag‑based, ~200 gsm) | The inked plate is pressed onto dampened paper under high pressure; the paper’s fibers draw ink from the cells, reproducing the original image. | photograv crack