Drawing lines to connect peaks and troughs, creating a visual "path" for price movement.
All known information is already reflected in the price.
To access Martin Pring's PDF on technical analysis, follow these steps:
Perhaps the most practical section for active traders is Pring’s deep dive into momentum indicators (like the MACD, RSI, and KST). He popularized the concept of "Divergence" —when price moves in one direction but momentum moves in another—teaching traders how to spot trend exhaustion before the price actually turns.